Many people worry about getting a disease like hepatitis or HIV from an accidental needle stick. But it doesn't happen often. Most of the time, the person on whom the needle was used doesn't have hepatitis, HIV, or another infection that can be spread that way.
When the person does have an infection that can be spread, your risk level if you are accidentally stuck by the needle depends on:
- How much infected blood you are exposed to.
- How much virus is in the blood. Some people with viral infections have more of the virus in their blood than others do.
Self-care
Take the following steps if you have any exposure to blood:
- Wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water. You can let the wound bleed while washing it, but do not squeeze the area.
- Use water to flush splashed blood from your nose, mouth, or skin.
- Wash your eyes. Use a steady stream of clean water, a saltwater solution, or a sterile eye wash.
- Don't wash the area with antiseptics or bleach.
Contact your doctor right away. In some cases, medicine may help to prevent infection. The sooner you start treatment, the more likely it is to work.
If you get an accidental needle stick that exposes you to someone's blood:
- Report it right away to a local health department that is responsible for managing exposures, such as occupational health or infection control.
- Your workplace likely has guidelines that tell you what to do if you are exposed. This may involve blood tests and sometimes medicine that can help prevent infection. Make sure you know what the guidelines are.
Credits
Current as of: December 9, 2025
Current as of: December 9, 2025